How an electric motor works: 5 questions and answers

The functioning of the electric motor is a fundamental aspect of electric vehicles, yet it often remains unclear. In this article, we explore five common questions to better understand how these motors operate, their components, and what this means for electric cars.

1. Who actually controls the motor?

The role of the stator and rot

In an electric motor, the stator creates the magnetic field that moves the rotor. However, the real "controller" of the motor is the inverter, which regulates the electric current powering the stator.

The inverter and motor management

The inverter determines both the speed and the direction of the electric motor. While the rotor’s movement depends on the stator, the inverter governs the motor’s overall behavior. This system is essential for energy management and motor efficiency—crucial aspects for electric vehicles.

2. Why are electric cars so quiet?

Electric cars are especially quiet compared to combustion engine vehicles because electric motors don't involve internal combustion processes. The absence of a fuel-burning engine eliminates typical engine noise and vibrations.

The silent operation of the electric motor

The electric motor emits very little sound thanks to its magnetism-based operation. This allows electric vehicles to offer a smoother, quieter, and less polluting driving experience than traditional cars.

3. Does the inverter only control speed?

Beyond speed: inverter functions

The inverter doesn’t just regulate motor speed. It also manages the direction of movement—such as switching between forward and reverse—controls the power output, and even handles energy regeneration during braking.

Optimizing energy efficiency

Moreover, the inverter can optimize energy efficiency by modulating the current to ensure smoother driving and more efficient energy use.

4. What happens if the motor’s bearings wear out?

The role of bearings in electric motors

Bearings are essential for the proper movement of the rotor. If they become overly worn, they can cause problems such as abnormal vibrations, metallic noises, and motor overheating.

Causes and consequences of bearing wear

Premature bearing wear can result from poor lubrication, contamination, or misalignment. In addition, induced currents in the rotor can further damage the bearings, compromising the motor’s lifespan, as well as battery performance and the overall reliability of the electric vehicle.

5. Do electric motors need a break-in period?

Electric motor break-in: necessity or myth?

Unlike internal combustion engines, electric motors don’t require a true “break-in” period. However, to allow components to adjust gradually, it’s advisable to avoid harsh acceleration or sudden braking during the initial usage phase.

Maintenance for optimal longevity

Following the manufacturer’s maintenance guidelines can help ensure peak performance and extend the lifespan of both the motor and the battery, supporting the long-term durability of the electric vehicle.

Understanding how the electric motor works is essential to appreciating electric vehicle performance. Knowing the role of each component—like the stator, rotor, inverter, and bearings—helps you understand how they work together to deliver a smooth, silent, and efficient ride. For further insights, consult technical guides and reputable online sources.