Photovoltaic roof: types, advantages and which one to choose

The photovoltaic roof is now one of the most effective solutions for producing renewable energy at home, reducing utility costs and increasing the value of the property. Thanks to the available technologies, there are various types suitable for every need: from integrated panels to solar tiles, and even plug-and-play kits for small spaces.

In this article, we explore the main options to help you choose the one that best suits your home, also based on consumption and available space.

What is a photovoltaic roof and why choose it today

A photovoltaic roof is a covering that produces electricity from sunlight, converting it through photovoltaic cells into usable current for household consumption. The real revolution in recent years has been the ability to integrate the system directly into the roof structure, eliminating the "added on" effect and thus achieving advantages in both aesthetic and functional terms.

Choosing a photovoltaic roof today means not only reducing bills and environmental impact but also increasing the property value and benefiting from significant state and regional incentives. Moreover, with the possibility of installing tailor-made systems—from small balcony systems to installations over 3 kWp—it's possible to find the right solution for every housing need.

The main types of photovoltaic roofs

Integrated photovoltaic panels (BIPV)

Integrated photovoltaic panels, also known as BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics), are modules designed to become an integral part of the building envelope. In practice, they replace the traditional roof covering, performing a dual function: protection and energy generation.

Advantages and technical considerations

Architectural integration is the main strength of this solution. The result is a visually clean and tidy roof, without protruding or unsightly modules. It is an ideal choice during new construction or deep renovations, where the system can be designed harmoniously from the start.

The main advantages are:

• Complete integration with the building

• Good aesthetic performance

• More favorable incentives in some cases

• Improvement of thermal insulation

This solution is often paired with systems from 4 to 6 kWp, with an estimated annual production between 4,000 and 7,000 kWh, depending on orientation and solar radiation.

On the downside, it requires more careful planning and a higher initial investment (on average 2,000–2,500 €/kWp installed), in addition to a potentially more complex maintenance in case of failures.

Solar tiles

Solar tiles are a technological solution designed for those who want to produce renewable energy without changing the traditional appearance of the roof. Each tile incorporates photovoltaic cells within materials that mimic terracotta or slate tiles.

When they are the ideal choice

This solution is perfect for buildings in historic centers, in areas with landscape constraints, or in any context where aesthetic appearance is a priority. Solar tiles ensure minimal visual impact, but yield slightly less than traditional panels and come at a higher cost (on average 2,500–3,500 €/kWp).

Annual production tends to be slightly lower (approximately 10–15% less) compared to a traditional system of equal power, but in suitable contexts, they represent the best compromise between technology and respect for the architectural identity of the building.

Universal kits for sloped and flat roofs

For those who want to install a photovoltaic system simply and quickly, there are pre-assembled and modular solutions, commonly referred to as universal kits. They consist of solar panels, micro-inverters, brackets, and wiring, ready to be mounted on a wide variety of roofs.

Why choose a pre-packaged kit

These systems stand out for:

• Simplified installation, suitable for existing buildings

• Flexibility of installation on sloped or flat roofs

• Good value for money

• Possibility of expansion over time

A basic kit of about 1.8 kWp (4 modules) can produce up to 1,800–2,000 kWh/year and has an indicative cost of 2,500–3,000 €, installation included. They are ideal for those with a roof correctly exposed (better if south), available space, and who want to contain the initial investment. They are generally also compatible with storage systems to be added later.

Plug-and-play systems for balconies and terraces

A recent solution, designed for small spaces and an increasingly broad audience, is represented by mini plug-and-play systems. These are compact kits, with powers generally below 800 W, which can be installed without permits and without masonry work.

Ideal for beginners

Plug-and-play systems are perfect for those who live in an apartment or only have a terrace or balcony. They connect directly to the home electrical network through a simple electrical outlet and allow for an immediate reduction in electricity consumption.

The main advantages include:

• Low cost (between 350 € and 800 € for powers from 350 W to 800 W)

• No need for permits or complex paperwork

• Do-it-yourself installation

• Quick recovery of the investment (2–4 years)

How to choose the most suitable solution

There is no absolute best type: the choice must be made based on the characteristics of the roof, the architectural context, energy needs, and available budget. If you have a roof exposed to the south, with sufficient space and no aesthetic constraints, a universal kit or an integrated system can offer excellent performance. In the presence of landscape constraints, solar tiles represent the only possible solution. Those looking for a light and easily removable solution may consider the plug-and-play kits.

Additionally, it is good to consider the possibility of integrating the system with storage batteries to optimize self-consumption and further reduce dependence on the electricity grid. The most common systems offer capacities ranging from 5 to 15 kWh, with costs ranging from 3,000 to 9,000 €, installation included.

One roof, many solutions: which one is right for you?

The photovoltaic roof is now a concrete, accessible, and adaptable choice for every need. Whether it's a new construction, renovation, or work on small spaces, there is a suitable solution for every context.

Carefully evaluating the characteristics of the roof, sun exposure, the presence of architectural constraints, and your energy goals is the first step towards making an informed choice. With the support of a qualified installer, it is possible to identify the most suitable configuration and make the most of all the benefits of solar production.