Difference between thermal solar and photovoltaic: which technology is really worth it?

The energy transition is pushing more and more families towards solar energy. But often, solar thermal is confused with photovoltaics, ignoring that these are two very different technologies.

Understanding the difference between solar thermal and photovoltaics is essential for choosing the most suitable system for your home, optimizing the investment in terms of efficiency and savings.

How solar thermal panels work

Heating water with solar energy

Solar thermal panels harness the heat of the sun to heat domestic hot water or, in some cases, support the heating of spaces. A fluid flows inside the collectors, accumulating heat and transferring it to the water in a tank.

This solution is ideal for those looking for a sustainable system for domestic hot water, even in combination with a traditional boiler or a heat pump.

Components and advantages of solar thermal panels

A system consists of collectors (flat or vacuum tubes), a hydraulic circuit, and a storage tank. The main advantages of solar thermal panels include:

• low installation costs

• reduction of gas consumption

• simple maintenance and long lifespan

This is a mature, efficient technology, particularly suitable for families that consume a lot of hot water.

How a photovoltaic system works

From solar energy to electricity for the home

Photovoltaic panels convert sunlight into electrical energy thanks to the photovoltaic effect. The cells, usually made of silicon, generate direct current which is converted into alternating current through an inverter.

This energy can be used to power appliances, lights, heat pumps, and even charging stations for electric cars.

Residential photovoltaic system: autonomy and savings

A residential photovoltaic system is now a strategic choice for those looking to reduce their electricity bill and increase energy autonomy. Thanks to incentives, it is possible to recover the investment in a few years.

The advantages of photovoltaic panels include:

• production of clean and renewable energy

• possibility of self-consumption or storage

• increased property value

• access to tax deductions and net metering

Photovoltaic or solar thermal? Two technologies, two purposes

Photovoltaic or solar thermal: it depends on what you need

If you need electricity, photovoltaics is the right choice. If you want domestic hot water, solar thermal is more efficient. When space and budget allow, installing both systems can maximize the energy autonomy of the home.

This is one of the main differences between photovoltaic and solar thermal systems: they are complementary technologies, not competing.

Solar thermal system: cost and benefits

How much does a solar thermal system cost?

The cost of a solar thermal system ranges from €2,000 to €5,000, depending on the size, type of collectors, and complexity of the installation. It is particularly suitable for homes with high water consumption.

Concrete benefits

The investment pays off in a few years, thanks to savings on gas and a reduction in environmental impact. The benefits of a solar thermal system include ease of use, longevity, and energy efficiency for hot water.

Photovoltaic system: investment and return

How much does a home photovoltaic system cost?

A home photovoltaic system costs on average between €6,000 and €15,000, depending on the power, the presence of a storage system, and the quality of the panels. State incentives cover up to 50% of the initial cost.

Return on investment and advantages

Photovoltaics allows you to reduce bills, increase property value, and protect yourself from rising energy costs. The benefits increase when combined with storage batteries and intelligent load management systems.

Types of solar panels: how to choose

What is the best type of solar panel?

The choice of solar panels for your home depends on various factors: climate zone, roof inclination, energy needs, and budget.

For solar thermal, vacuum tube collectors are more efficient in winter, while flat ones are more economical and widespread.

In photovoltaics, monocrystalline panels offer the highest efficiency, while polycrystalline ones have lower costs. Thin-film panels are less common, but can adapt better to curved or poorly sunlit surfaces.

Solar energy for heating or electricity?

Solar thermal or photovoltaic for hot water?

For producing hot water alone, solar thermal is more efficient and cost-effective. However, if the goal is to power heat pumps, air conditioners, or appliances, then photovoltaics is preferable.

A tailored choice

Those living in a detached house and wanting to optimize consumption can consider combining both systems. This way, solar energy for heating or electricity is maximized, with a positive impact both economically and environmentally.

The difference between solar thermal and photovoltaics is now clear

The difference between solar thermal and photovoltaics is not only technical, but concerns the intended use of solar energy: heat or electricity.

Analyze your consumption, evaluate the available space, consider incentives, and consciously choose the best system for your home. Or, why not take advantage of both?